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SEMP: Biot #182
- What IS the evidence for each of the two theories of the origin of
oil?
- The fact that coal contains fossils does not prove that it is a fossil
fuel; it proves exactly the opposite.
- Where then did hopanoids (material from bacterial cell-walls), and
other molecules found in oil deposits come from, if they didn’t
come from squashed ferns?
- How widespread is life based on internal energy sources of the Earth?
- it is comparable to all
the living mass at the surface
- Editor’s Note
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(see webpage) |
Acid Rain 1955 [Uploaded 071111
- [Reviewed]
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(see webpage) |
Acid Rain: 1955 vs. 1980 [Uploaded 071111
- [Reviewed]
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(see webpage) |
Acid Rain, Eastern US, 1980 [Uploaded 071111
- [Reviewed]
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(see webpage) |
Global CO2 Emissions 1997
- [reviewed]
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Hole In Cloud03172003brmodis1km
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020612 |
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CNN |
Colorado Fire020612 C N N
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USAToday |
Contrails Planes Global Warming
- Contrails, the thin, white clouds that planes leave behind in the
sky, are responsible for a portion of the warming recorded in the USA from
1975 to 1994
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060609 |
htm O |
USAToday |
Cloud Satellite Sees Inside Clouds
- "It can answer the question 'Why is it dry here and not dry somewhere
else?' "
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061128 |
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USAToday |
Doubling Of Emissions Since1990s
- The rate at which humans are pumping carbon
dioxide into the atmosphere has more than doubled since the 1990s
- 7.85 billion tons of carbon passed into the atmosphere last year,
compared to 6.67 billion tons in 2000.
- carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reached 379.1 parts per million
in 2005, more than 35% higher than in the late 18th century.
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070130 |
htm O |
UsaToday |
Clouds A Puzzle Factor In U N
- But cloud formation in the 21st century hard enough for weather
forecasters to predict for tomorrow is among the remaining
puzzles.
- More snows could also offset any thaw of the vast Antarctic ice cap
and the smaller cap on Greenland. If both melted over thousands of years
world sea levels would be aboutaround 215 feet higher than today.
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071213 |
htm O |
RTD |
Success is in the CLOUDS
- bright wisps that form 50 miles above ground in the
mesosphere, the uppermost reach of the atmosphere.
- "These clouds are changing in ways we don't understand,"
- The clouds consist of ice crystals formed
when water vapor condenses onto dust particles at temperatures between 210
and 235 degrees.
- Noctilucent clouds typically form over the cold, dry polar regions
but have been migrating to lower latitudes in the past three decades
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080101 |
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NYT |
Oil in North Dakota Brings Job Boom and Burdens - New York Times
- The glow of flares natural
gas burning off warmed the air and dotted the landscape.
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080108 |
htm O |
USAToday |
Transportation Effects On Global Warming
- A new study released Monday reports that 15% of the manmade carbon
dioxide (CO2) in the Earth's atmosphere comes from cars, trucks, airplanes,
trains, and ships. This is the first study to specifically measure the impact
of transportation on global greenhouse gas emissions.
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080325 |
htm O |
NYT |
Global Warming - Climate Change - Nudge - New York Times
- [Reviewed]
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090803 |
htm O |
WashPost |
Turbulence Injures 26 on Flight, Diverted to Miami
- [Reviewed]
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091014 |
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NYT |
Irag Burn Off Gas091014 N Y T
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091216 |
htm O |
NYT |
Using a NASA Weather Device to Track Greenhouse Gases - NYTimes.com
- The data also verified a mechanism in which rising temperatures increase
the rate of ocean evaporation, and the increased water vapor, also a potent
greenhouse gas, raises the earths temperatures further.
- revealed levels of carbon dioxide, methane, ozone
and other gases in the midtroposphere the atmosphere between 3 and
7 miles above the earths surface.
- Carbon dioxide does not mix evenly in the
troposphere, the scientists said. This
allows them to track movement of the gas to see where it ends up, and predict
whether oceans can continue to absorb much of it.
- Levels
of carbon dioxide in the air are currently approaching 390 parts per million,
up from roughly 280 in the preindustrial age.
- But the carbon dioxide itself only accounts for about a third of
the increased trapping of heat on earth.
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100420 |
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BBC |
BBC News - Iceland volcano not in big league, say experts
- Volcanoes produce tiny particles - aerosols - which have a net cooling
effect on the world because they reflect solar energy back into space.
- They also produce carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
- Historically, the cooling has outweighed the warming. The 1991 eruption
of Mount Pinatubo in The Philippines lowered global temperatures by about
0.4-0.5C - but Eyjafjallajokull, dramatic as it looks, is simply not in that
league
- "That's a lot in five days; but Pinatubo ejected 10 cubic kilometres
- that's 100 times as much.
- If material reaches the stratosphere, it can remain aloft for several
years; but if it stays in the troposphere, the lowest layer, it tends to
come back to Earth in days or weeks.
- "That's high enough to affect aviation but is unlikely to be high
enough to have a strong effect on the climate system."
- They found Fimmvorduhals was producing about 20-25,000 tonnes of
CO2 each day
- And even over that peak period, its daily CO2 output was only about
one-thousandth of that produced by the sum total of humanity's fossil fuel
burning, deforestation, agriculture and everything else.
- In fact, the extra CO2 produced from the volcano is probably less
than the volume "saved" by having Europe's aeroplanes grounded.
- When US authorities banned flying following 9/11, the temperature
difference between night and day over the continental US increased by at
least 1C.
- Jet contrails were effectively acting as cirrus clouds, researchers
concluded - reflecting solar energy in the day, acting as a blanket by
night.
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