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Saudi Arabia DOE document on gas flaring [Uploaded 071111
- With one-fourth of the world's proven oil reserves, Saudi
Arabia
- Saudi Arabia
supplied the United States with 1.5 million barrels per day of crude oil,
or 16%, of U.S. crude oil imports
- 90-95% of total Saudi export
earnings
- Over the past two decades or so, Saudi economic growth has fallen
far behind population growth, resulting in sharply reduced per capita incomes
and higher unemployment
- Saudi Arabia also has a high level
of domestic debt (around 75% of GDP)
- Saudi Arabia also has a policy known as "Saudiisation," the goal
of which is to increase employment of its own citizens by replacing 60% of
the estimated 7.2 million foreign workers in the country
- Saudi Arabia has about 77 oil and gas field
- over half of its oil reserves are contained in only eight fields,
including Ghawar (the world's largest onshore oil field, with estimated remaining
reserves of 70 billion barrels) and Safaniya (the world's largest offshore
field, with estimated reserves of 19 billion barrels)
- Most of Saudi Arabia's crude oil is exported via the Arabian Gulf
through the Abqaiq processing facility.
- Saudi Arabia's primary
oil export terminals are located at Ras Tanura (5 million bbl/d capacity)
and Juaymah (3 million bbl/d) on the Arabian Gulf, plus Yanbu (3 million
bbl/d) on the Red Sea.
- Saudi Arabia operates two major oil pipelines. The 4.8-million bbl/d
capacity East-West Crude Oil Pipeline (Petroline) is used mainly to transport
Arabian Light and Super Light to refineries in the Western Province and to
Red Sea terminals for export to European markets. Running parallel to the
Petroline is the 270,000 bbl/d Abqaiq-Yanbu natural gas liquids pipeline,
which serves Yanbu's petrochemical plants.
- Saudi Arabia's proven gas reserves are estimated at 204.5 trillion
cubic feet (Tcf), ranking fifth in the world (after Russia, Iran, Qatar,
and the UAE). Most (around 2/3) of Saudi Arabia's currently proven gas reserves
consist of associated gas, mainly from the onshore Ghawar field and the offshore
Safaniya and Zuluf fields.
- Domestic demand is driving a $4.5-billion expansion of Saudi Arabia's
Master Gas System (MGS)
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000308 |
htm |
Enn-com |
Catastrophic weather spells more misery for Africa
- While the people of Mozambique are deluged by floods, crops across
the Horn of Africa have been shriveled by drought and forest fires are burning
out of control in Ethiopia.
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010411 |
htm |
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East Africa Reels Under Worst Drought in Memory
- The worst drought in East
Africa in living memory has created a desperate situation for millions of
people, particularly in Kenya
- Government plans to clear over 10 percent of Kenya's forest to resettle
landless people pose a serious threat to water resources
- Much of the country's irrigation,
90 percent of its domestic water supply and 70 percent of hydroelectric power
depend on the water catchment areas that will be affected by the
deforestation.
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010603 |
htm |
NYT |
Saudi Pick Exxon Mobil Gas Projects
- Exxon Mobil will explore for and produce gas from any deposits
beneath the southern area of the kingdom's Al Ghawar field, the world's largest
oil field, the agency said. Shell will lead a $4 billion development of Shaybah
in the Empty Quarter desert.
- The Ghawar project is the centerpiece of the kingdom's plan to allow
foreign access to the world's fifth- largest natural gas reserves for the
first time in more than two decades. Saudi Arabia wants to convert its oil-
fed power industry to natural gas, spurring industrial developmen
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010628 |
htm |
NYT |
Open Gas Fields To Foreigners
- Saudi Arabia radically reshaped
its energy industry this month, opening potentially vast natural gas fields
to foreign oil companies in an effort to jolt awake an economy that fails
to provide enough jobs for the kingdom's booming population.
- In Saudi Arabia, where
the 222 trillion cubic feet of gas reserves rank it fourth worldwide behind
Russia, Iran and Qatar,
- Saudi Arabia uses about four billion cubic feet of gas
a day
- By 2003, the country will be able to produce 7 billion feet daily,
but that will still not be enough. Demand is expected to increase to 12 billion
to 14 billion cubic feet of gas daily by 2025, meaning that unless there
are major new discoveries, Saudi Arabia will use all its gas
domestically.
- With no export potential
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010715 |
htm |
CNN |
Drought Somalia1 M M
- The aging wells are drying up much faster than expected because
of the severity of the drought and overcrowding
- Thousands of rural families had been forced to move from their homes
in search of food and water
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020219 |
htm
O |
WSJ |
Delay Saudi Gas Projects
- [Reviewed]
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020825 |
jpg |
NYT |
Fires Sci02082017-020825 N Y T
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021116 |
htm
O |
WashPost |
Swaziland Hunger
- [existential meltdown, inherited wealth, coflation, civil war,
polygamy--RSB]
- Sowing Harvests Of Hunger In Africa
- Drought and Disease Fuel Famine in South
- In the lingo of foreign aid, millions of potential
drought victims already have "diminished coping abilities."
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030126 |
htm |
NYT |
Water Disappearing Saudi Arabia
- From the air, the circular wheat
fields of this arid land's breadbasket look like forest-green poker chips
strewn across the brown desert. But they are outnumbered by the ghostly
silhouettes of fields left to fade back into the sand, places where the kingdom's
gamble on agriculture has sucked precious aquifers dry.
- "I've had to lower my pumps 100 meters" — 328 feet — "in
the past 10 years
- As the subterranean reservoirs run dry, his 4,000-foot-deep
wells bring up water that is increasingly mineral-laden.
- Its only renewable water source is in shallow aquifers, 100 to 150
feet underground, which are replenished by brief, infrequent
rainfalls.
- Wells dug deeper than 1,300 feet draw from ancient
reserves trapped in layers of porous rock where the water is no more renewable
than the country's oil.
- the country uses 6.34 trillion gallons of water a year for
agriculture
- that only a third of that is replaced
through rainfall. The rest simply disapp
- The Middle East and North Africa contain about
5 percent of the world's population but less than 1 percent of the world's
fresh water
- Saudi Arabia is pumping from its eastern aquifers, leaving less water
for neighboring Bahrain and Qatar. Jordan, meanwhile, has accused the Saudis
of draining the Qa Disi Aquifer, which lies beneath the countries'
border
- Economically, it will come to the point that extracting water is
simply too expensive
- "Toilet water accounts for about 40 percent of the urban water
consumed
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031113 |
htm |
NewsDay |
Saudis Pray for Rain; Cleric Blames Sin
- Saudis on Thursday heeded their king's call
and prayed for rainfall,
- "God afflicts people with drought and shortages of rain so that they
can move closer to him with good deeds," the cleric said
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070513 |
htm
O |
USAToday |
Eastern U S10degrees Hotter
- Future eastern USA summers look much hotter
than originally predicted with daily highs about 10 degrees warmer than in
recent years by the mid-2080s, a new NASA study says.
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| 13 |
970906 |
htm |
ArabicNews |
East African Droughts and Floods
- In Kenya, three rainy seasons in a row failed
- There
was not enough water to grow crops or feed livestock. In towns and cities
this year the price of maize meal, a staple food, doubled, and milk was so
scarce that some mothers fought in shops to get enough for their
children.
- Kenya's worst-hit areas were eastern, northeastern and coastal
provinces.
- When the rains did come to Kenya, they came with a vengeance, thunderous
through the nights, as water rushed through rural and urban areas.
- At first it was a welcome sound to Kenyans, but all too soon there
were stories of terrible floods
- Droughts and floods are unusual in Kenya,
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