West Africa Documents and notes

• Lake Chad Disappears
  Recent Landsat images have shown that Lake Chad has shrunk to 1/20 of its dimensions of 35 years ago, when it was the size of Lake Erie! It's fading faster than the ratings of the XFL.
• Map, political tribal boundaries ... map alone
• Map, climate zones of Africa
• Map, Trade Routes
• Map, Nigeria
• Map, Nigerian Oil Fields in Delta
• Nigeria Flares one-fourth ...
  Nigeria produces almost two million barrels of oil a day from its oil fields in the Niger Delta area. Most of the oil comes from reservoirs containing gas, which is produced with the oil. This associated gas is separated from the oil at flowstations and more than 95 per cent of it is flared – currently a total of some two billion standard cubic feet per day (scf/d), which is estimated to be about a quarter of the gas the world flares and vents.
• Nigeria: Shell Flaring
  • The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC) is committed to stop flaring gas. The following briefing document explains why flaring is happening in Nigeria and what the company is doing to harness and conserve the gas.
  • About half the gas flared in Nigeria is produced by the Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SPDC) in the course of providing half the country’s oil exports. The company has more than 90 oil and gas fields spread over some 30,000 square kilometres of oil mining leases in the Niger Delta.
• Nigeria, One Villages Woe:
  There are also several gas flares near villages in the area, which burn 24 hours a day, flaring 1100 million cubic feet of gas a day. This creates constant noise, and soot which pollutes the air, land, and water and causes acid rain
• Nigeria, Port Harcourt
  • It was just in time for the oil boom of 1973.
  • Nigeria is now a major exporter, producing nearly two million barrels of oil a day - the same as Kuwait before the Iraqi invasion.
  • Meanwhile petrol is in such short supply inside the country that there are huge queues outside most stations.
• Nigeria gas:oil flare ratio
  • According to figures compiled by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), at the moment the Ogoniland oilfield is the world's biggest single cause of global warming. The gas which is found with the oil is flared instead of being piped away and used. This flaring emits thirty four million tons of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, a year and the oilfield emits a further twelve million tons of methane, which is up to thirty five times more potent. In comparison, fuel burning in Britain's homes emits twenty three million tons of carbon dioxide and forty six thousand tons of methane a year.
  • To try and cut down on damage caused by gas flaring, and also to utilise the resource, Shell is involved in building a new gas plant. At present about 75% of the gas brought up with the oil is burnt off, which compares with 20% in Libya, Iran and Saudi Arabia and 4.3% in Britain.
• Sahel 25-Year Drought
  • The Sahel forms the southern edge of the Saharan desert, passing at least 4,500km from Senegal through Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Chad, and blends seamlessly into the slightly less arid Sudano-Sahel belt to its southern edge.
  • Three major droughts have occurred this century, in 1910-1916, 1941-1945, and a long period of below average rainfall (termed 'desiccation') that began in the late-1960s and continued, with some interruptions, into the the 1980s. Absolute minimum rainfall level were recorded at many stations in 1983 and 1984. The period of poor rainfall in the 1970s struck particularly hard for many Sahelian farmers and pastoralists, when there were an estimated 100,000 drought-related deaths.
• Saudi Picks Company for Gassificationn project
• SubSahel Meeting

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